Elizabeth I’s 44-year reign, the Elizabethan Era, is famed for transforming England into a confident, proto-modern nation. Her foremost achievement was resolving the violent religious conflicts inherited from her siblings. Through the Elizabethan Religious Settlement (1559), she established a uniquely English Protestant church that was doctrinally broad enough to pacify most of her subjects, securing internal stability and forging a strong Protestant national identity. This stability underpinned

Even During Queen Elizabeth II’s Reign Violence Was Central to the Empire