This patent describes the use of Poria cocos polysaccharide, a compound derived from a fungus, as part of a nanomaterial-based vaccine system. The polysaccharide is attached to graphene oxide nanoparticles along with the antigen, allowing both to be delivered together. The fungal polysaccharide acts as an adjuvant, meaning it enhances the immune system’s response, while the graphene oxide slows and controls the release. The result is a vaccine platform designed to produce stronger and longer-las