The Supreme Court will hear arguments Wednesday in a blockbuster dispute over the nation’s first religious charter school, a case that critics say has prompted a “crisis of identity” in the school choice movement and that could vastly expand taxpayer funding for religious education.

The Catholic Church in Oklahoma wants taxpayers to pay for an online charter school that “is faithful to the teachings of Jesus Christ.”

On Wednesday, the Supreme Court will hear arguments in a major case that poses a baffling question: Does the Constitution compel states to fund explicitly Catholic education? In the past, the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment’s establishment clause forbids states from spending taxpayer dollars on religious instruction.