The genetic information stored in DNA is “decoded” to form proteins via the process of translation. This involves the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids bound to transfer RNA (tRNA) ...

The presence of amino acids on the prebiotic Earth is widely accepted, either coming from endogenous chemical processes or being delivered by extraterrestrial material. On the other hand, plausibly ...

These chains come in a wide range of lengths. In humans a typical protein is about 400 amino acids long; some are a lot longer. Molecules of RNA, one of the two nucleic acids, can reach up to 100,000 ...