As he nears 200 years of age, Jonathan the tortoise has been receiving a great deal of international attention. However, longevity is not the only reason why we should find Jonathan to be of special ...

Addiction is a complex psychological and neurological condition shaped by conditioning and reinforcement. It develops over time as someone turns to a substance or action to release more and more ...

We unraveled a neural correlate in the brain during Pavlovian conditioning as one representative example of memory formation. Although Pavlovian conditioning, where sound stimulus and food stimulus ...