The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was experimentally observed for the first time by a team led by Nagoya University in Japan. As the ...

Valence electrons — the outermost electrons in an atom and the ones actually responsible for the chemical reactions — were hidden. "We wanted to take pictures of the actual electrons that are driving ...

You probably learned in high school chemistry class that core electrons don't participate in chemical bonding.They're thought to be ...