But behind this everyday process lies a highly specialized system in many hoofed animals that is unique. Who would have thought that a cow or a deer needs four stomachs to get full? Cows are ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Because small ruminants (<15 kg) have a high ratio of metabolic rate to fermentation capacity, they are expected to select and require ...

In contrast to ruminants, horses chew their food only once -- but with the same regular, rhythmic movements as cows, who ruminate their food after eating. Herbivores digest their food much better if ...

Herbivores digest their food much better if it has been strongly fragmented by intensive mastication. For ruminants such as cows, sheep, goats, deer, llamas or camels, eating and ruminating are two ...